Which of the following would be considered a non-articular restriction?

A non-articular restriction refers to limitations in movement or function that arise from structures other than the joints themselves. Scar tissue in muscles fits this definition, as it is related to the soft tissues around the joints rather than the joints or their associated structures directly. Scar tissue can develop due to injury or surgical procedures and may restrict the normal movement of muscles, which can affect overall mobility and function.

In contrast, joint inflammation, cartilage wear, and ligament tears are all related to the articulation or structure of the joints. Joint inflammation typically involves the synovial fluid and capsules that encase the joint, cartilage wear directly affects the surfaces where bones articulate, and ligament tears involve the connections that stabilize the joint. Therefore, these conditions are classified as articular restrictions, as they arise from issues associated with the joints themselves rather than from the surrounding soft tissues. This distinction is crucial in osteopathic practice, where understanding the source of restrictions helps guide appropriate interventions and treatments.